Gọi n_Al = n_Fe = x (mol)

⇒ 27x + 56x = 8,3 ⇒ x = 0,1 (mol)

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

a, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.98=24,5\left(g\right)\)

b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ m _muối = 0,05.342 + 0,1.152 = 32,3 (g)

Đáp án cần chọn là: D

a) 

Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)

=> 24a + 27b = 26,25 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{30,8}{22,4}=1,375\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

             a-->2a--------->a------>a

            2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

             b---->3b------->b------>1,5b

=> a + 1,5b = 1,375 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,25 (mol); b = 0,75 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{26,25}.100\%=22,857\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,75.27}{26,25}.100\%=77,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)

n_HCl = 2a + 3b = 2,75 (mol)

=> m_HCl = 2,75.36,5 = 100,375 (g)

=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{100,375.100}{10}=1003,75\left(g\right)\)

c) 

m_{dd sau pư} = 1003,75 + 26,25 - 1,375.2 = 1027,25 (g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{1027,25}.100\%=2,312\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,75.133,5}{1027,25}.100\%=9,747\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Al2O3 + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

nH2 = 0,15mol => nAl=0,1mol => mAl=2,7g; mAl2O3 = 10,2g => nAl2O3 = 0,1mol

=>%mAl=20,93% =>%mAl2O3 = 79,07%

b) nHCl = 0,1.3+0,1.6=0,9 mol=>mHCl(dd)=100g

mddY=12,9+100-0,15.2=112,6g

mAlCl3=22,5g=>C%=19,98%

Sửa đề: 3,785 (l) → 3,7185 (l)

a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{40}.100\%=6,75\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=93,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c, \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{40.93,25\%}{102}=\dfrac{373}{1020}\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{85}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{85}}{2}=\dfrac{106}{85}\left(l\right)\approx1247,06\left(ml\right)\)

d, \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}.133,5=\dfrac{9434}{85}\left(g\right)\)

e, \(C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{255}}{\dfrac{106}{85}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)

(Al,Fe)+HCl ->(AlCl3+FeCl2)+H2

khối lượng dd tăng thêm =7,8gam=mKL-mH2=8,3-mH2

=>mH2=8,3-7,8=0,5gam=>nH2=\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}\)=0,25 mol

bảo toàn H :nHcl=nH (trong h2)=2nH2=2.0,25=0,5mol

 nCl(trong muối)=nCl( trong HCl)=nHCl=0,5mol

mMuối =mKL+mCl=8,3+0,5.35,5=26,05gam

\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(m=27a+56b=19.3\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{H^+}=0.2\cdot2+0.2\cdot2.25\cdot2=1.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al+6H^+\rightarrow2Al^{3+}+3H_2\)

\(Fe+2H^+\rightarrow Fe^{2+}+H_2\)

\(n_{H^+}=3a+2b=1.3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.3,b=0.2\)

\(\%Al=\dfrac{0.3\cdot27}{19.3}\cdot100\%=41.96\%\)

\(\%Fe=58.04\%\)

\(b.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H^+}=0.65\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn khối lượng : 

\(m_{Muối}=19.3+0.4\cdot36.5+0.45\cdot98-0.65\cdot2=76.7\left(g\right)\)

anh ơi có cách nào ngoài sử dụng pt ion không vậy ạ?