\(A=2x^2+y^2-2xy+x+2\)

\(A=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left[x^2+2.x.\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]+\frac{7}{4}\)

\(A=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}\)

Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\\\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}=A\ge\frac{7}{4}>0\forall x;y\)

Vậy không có các số tự nhiên thỏa mã đẳng thức \(A=2x^2+y^2-2xy+x+2=0\)

Biến đổi tương đương nhé bạn.

a: Ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(=x^2+2xy+y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\forall x,y>0\)

\(\frac{2+x}{1+x}+\frac{1-2y}{1+2y}=\left(\frac{2+x}{1+x}-1\right)+\left(\frac{1-2y}{1+2y}+1\right)\)

\(=\frac{2+x-1-x}{x+1}+\frac{1-2y+1+2y}{1+2y}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{2}{1+2y}=\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}+y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y+\frac{3}{2}}\ge\frac{4}{\frac{7}{2}}=\frac{8}{7}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{3}{4};y=\frac{5}{4}\)

1) 

Ta có: x+y=2

nên \(\left(x+y\right)^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2xy=2\)

hay xy=1

Ta có: \(x^3+y^3\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)

\(=2^3-3\cdot1\cdot2\)

=2

2)\(x^2+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=8^2-2\cdot\left(-20\right)=104\)

\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)=8^3-3\cdot\left(-20\right)\cdot8=512+480=992\)

\(x^2+y^2+xy=\left(x+y\right)^2-xy=8^2-\left(-20\right)=64+20=84\)

xy-x-y=2

=> x.(y-1)-y=2

=>x.(y-1)-(y-1)=3

=>(x-1)(y-1)=3

=> x-1 và y-1 thuộc Ư(3)

Ư(3)={-3;-1;1;3}

Ta có bảng

Có: \(4x^2-3xy-y^2-p\left(3x+2y\right)=2p^2\Leftrightarrow\left(4x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)-p\left(3x+2y\right)=2p^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(3x+2y\right)+\left(x-y\right)\right]\left(x-y\right)-p\left(3x+2y\right)=2p^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+2y\right)\left(x-y\right)-p\left(3x+2y\right)+\left(x-y\right)^2-p^2=p^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+2y\right)\left(x-y-p\right)+\left(x-y-p\right)\left(x-y+p\right)=p^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y-p\right)\left(4x+y+p\right)=p^2=1.p^2\)

Do \(4x+y+p>x-y-p\)nên \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y-p=1\left(1\right)\\4x+y+p=p^2\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)(Do p là số nguyên tố)

Lấy (1) + (2), ta được: \(5x=p^2+1\Rightarrow5x-1=p^2\)(là số chính phương, đpcm)