\(-d-c+2b+2a\)

a) - ( - a + c – d ) – ( c – a + d ) 

= a - c - d - c + a + d

= (a + a) + (-c - c) + (-d + d)

= 2a - 2c               

b) – ( a + b  - c + d ) + ( a – b – c –d )

= - a - b + c - d + a - b - c - d

= (-a + a) + (-b - b) + (c - c) + (-d - d)

= -2b - 2d

a) - ( - a + c - d) - ( c - a + d )

= a - c + d - c + a - d 

= 2a

b) - ( a+ b - c + d ) + ( a -b -c -d )

= - a-b+c-d+a-b-c-d

=-2d -2b

c) a(b-c-d) - a(b+c-d)

= a(b-c-d-b-c+d)

= ab-ac-ad-ab-ac+ad

= -2ab-2ac

d) (a+b)(c+d)-(a+d)(b+c)

= ac+ad+bc+bd - (ab+ac+bd+cd)

= ac+ad+bc+bd-ab-ac-bd-cd

=ad+bc-ab-cd

\(D=\left(a+b-c\right)-\left(a-b+c\right)+\left(b+c-a\right)-\left(a-b-c\right)\)

\(D=a+b-c-a+b-c+b+c-a-a+b+c\)

\(D=\left(a-a-a-a\right)+\left(b+b+b+b\right)+\left(c+c-c-c\right)\)

\(D=4b-3a\)

1) \(=ac+ad+bc+bd-ab-ac-db-dc=ad+bc-dc-ab=d\left(a-c\right)-b\left(a-c\right)=\left(a-c\right)\left(d-b\right)\)

2) \(=ac-ad+bc-bd-ac-ad+bc+bd=2bc-2ad=2\left(bc-ad\right)\)

3) \(\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(a-b\right)=a^2+2ab+b^2-a^2+2ab-b^2=4ab\)

a, -( -a + c - d) - ( c - d + d) =  a - c + d - c + d - d =  a + d

b, - ( a+b-c+d) + (a-b-c-d) = -a -b+c-d + a-b-c-d = -2b + (-2c)= -2(b+c)

(2a-3b)-(5b-d)+(8b-d)

\(=2a-3b-5b+d+8b-d\)

\(=2a+\left(8b-3b-5b\right)+\left(d-d\right)\)

=2a

\(\left(a+b\right)-\left(d-4b\right)-\left(c-10d\right)\)

\(=a+b-d+4b-c+10d\)

\(=a+5b+11d-c\)